Needs-Based Theories of Motivation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Needs-Based Theories of Motivation - Essay Example Before going to discuss three needs-based theories of motivation, let us get a better understanding of what motivation actually is. Motivation means to inspire people to make them achieve their personal or professional goals. In workplace settings, it is extremely important to motivate people to increase their productivity. Williams (2010) states, â€Å"Motivating people to do their best work, consistently, has been an enduring challenge for executives and managers†. Needs Theory by Douglas McClelland Douglas McClelland presented this theory of needs. The theorist reveals that there are three needs, which affect or shape the behaviors of people. Those needs include need for power, need for affiliation, and need for achievement. Power is another human need. In this world, every person has the desire to influence others in order to control their behaviors and actions but the level of desire to control other individual’s behaviors varies from person to person. People, who are motivated by power, want to dominate and shape other people’s views and behaviors. The need for achievement is another need of a person to achieve all personal and professional goals. People struggle in their lives to achieve their goals and objectives. Achievement of any type of goal makes people happy and confident. The third need is the need for affiliation. People want to make relationships with other people in order to remain active in the society.

MENTOR PROTEGE PROGRAM - CONTRACT ADMINISTRATION AND MANAGEMENT Essay

MENTOR PROTEGE PROGRAM - CONTRACT ADMINISTRATION AND MANAGEMENT - Essay Example The Department of Defense Mentor-Protà ©gà © Program is useful for a small-business owner contracting with the federal government for the first time in several ways. This is an excellent way to learn the ropes in dealing with the federal government (Stanberry, 2012). The Small Business will immensely benefit from this experience given that they are given the opportunity to learn and build their own resumes such that they can also develop into large corporations. When small businesses are subcontracted to prime contractors, they are in a position to learn basic management and contracting skills such that they can operate viably on their own. Essentially, subcontracting is helpful to small businesses in that efficiency is improved in the completion of the task to be carried out. This also helps small businesses to grow such that they can be in a position to bid for federal contracts on their own once they have

How to lie in Statistics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

How to lie in Statistics - Essay Example I feel statistical information presents the facts as they are. The characteristics of the samples are made to show the characteristics of the entire population under study. The sample’s statistical results are generally assumed not to represent the characteristics of those who are not part of the population. For example, the $25,111 salary represents the average salary of people chosen for the statistical tests (such as people in Yale alone). However the $24,111 salary does not represent the people not chosen for the survey, such as the people working in Alaska (14). Likewise, the $25,111 average salary is true only for the time period when the statistical tests were undertaken. However, the $25,111 average salary may not be true when the same statistical tests were taken 30 years prior to the current Yale statistical tests. Likewise, a similar test conducted 20 years after the current statistical tests will generally show a different statistical finding (18). Interpreting the difference in the findings, the statistical findings should not be taken as occurring in ALL situations; to do so would be a lie. It is a lie because interpreting the statistical results is all-encompassing would be too twisted, exaggerating, oversimplified, or distorted. Sales people would use the average results of statistical test to convince the prospective buyers to purchase their wares; the sales persons are willing to lie to generate sales. Consequently, many buyers are persuaded by the statistical test results to buy the sales person’s products and services. The buyer wants to join the â€Å"band wagon† by buying what the average person wants to buy (103). I feel the author (9) correctly emphasized the statistical data can show the validity of the first sentence â€Å"There’s a mighty lot of crime around here†. However, such interpretations are subject to correction. For example, statistical data showing the number of crimes committed in one neig hborhood can be more persuasive to the leaders when compared to absence of statistical information on the same topic. In fact, the average person can easily draw up several theories based on common sense or statistical trends. However, the trends are high probabilities (not100 percent assurance) of future outcomes. Further, I correctly understand that statistical information correctly presents quantitative as well as qualitative figures as basis for decision making. The manager can base one’s expansion policy on the statistical figure stating there is a huge profit. However, the manager must beware of false statistical figures. The statistical computation of the gross profit figure may be based on erroneous data. Likewise, the manager must ensure that the mathematical computation of the statistical results is accurate (112). To ensure that statistical outcomes are reliable, the manager must determine if the there is no distortion or manipulation of the raw statistical data ga thered. Someone may have intentionally changed or manipulated the real statistical data to suit selfish or biased needs. The spoiled statistical data will generate unrealistic statistical findings. The unrealistic statistical findings will trigger unprofitable management decisions (133). I think statistics generally shows facts that are based on real outcomes. The records of the Connecticut Tumor Registry show that cancer survival has increased due to the

Report and roadmap about an emerging technology Essay

Report and roadmap about an emerging technology - Essay Example chnology roadmap that sets out key milestones and activities occurring in the course of developing the technology, milestones in technical development required in the future, and key activities for supporting future technical as well as commercial development of the project. In addition, other relevant factors for its past or its future are considered. The milestone in developing the artificial uterus can be attributed to development of the artificial placenta. A significant progress in the pump technology and the oxygenator has allowed the development of the artificial uterus to focus in the direction of the physiological role model in the coming years. Again, this development has been enhanced by the invention of the novel pump-less assist device. The milestones required in the technical development in the future include submersion, inflammatogenicity and thrombogenicity, and cannulation. These requirements are discussed further in the paper. They are initiated in the presence of various aspects that are considered in the development of the artificial uterus such as artificial endometrium, artificial placenta, and synthetic amniotic fluid. For the artificial endometrium, the interior lining of the uterus has to have the same features as the natural one. Regarding the artificial placenta, it has to in a position of developing on the endometrial wall or as an external device and its capacity has to allow nutrients, gaseous exchange and eliminate waste products. The synthetic amniotic fluid on the other hand would be considered an important component in the success of the project. Regarding its future market, the development of the artificial uterus is a safer way for women. Ladies will able to have children without the cost of labor pains or cesarean surgery scars. Moreover, it gives women, who have childbearing difficulties, the opportunity to have children. Women will have the liberty that would not have come with having a normal pregnancy, as keeping up with

Computer Sciences and Information Technology Essay - 3

Computer Sciences and Information Technology - Essay Example From the discussion it is clear that the growth in the use of the Internet has resulted in the use of more multimedia components, which require greater network bandwidth and consequently new network considerations. Audio and video as multimedia components require large bandwidth for transmission, and therefore pose a very real threat to overloading the connections and hampering other transmissions in the process. The quagmire has led to the development of a technique to prevent the risk of network collapse through overload. TCP is presently the most popular end-to-end congestion control mechanism in use. From TCP transmission properties emerged TCP friendly transmission, a connection standard that ensures the integrity and reliability of the network amidst heavy usage for multimedia streaming transmissions. TCP is the most common congestion control mechanism over the Internet.As the essay highlights  most of the Internet traffic is TCP based, consequently, the need for congestion c ontrol protocols to be TCP friendly is indisputable. Therefore, the rate at which non-TCP flows send data should be as close as possible to the TCP rates, otherwise called TCP friendly. In summary, TCP friendly flow of streaming media is one that makes similar utilization of the network resources as a standard non-conforming TCP under similar circumstances. Real-time multimedia applications streaming over the internet usually require special network circumstances to avoid congestion, as they may consume large amounts of bandwidth and cause packet drops. (Wang, Long, Cheng and Zhang, 2000). TCP friendly flows offer a means of congestion control, allowing applications to make better use of the network, and prevent the uneventful network malfunction that results in the crippling congestive collapse in computer networks. Usually, UDP traffic, mainly for the transmission of stored streaming audio over the Internet, consumes higher than normal bandwidth, which poses a risk to other networ k connections (Wang et al, 2000). As such, UDP connections result in congestion in the networks, and unfairly interference with initially responsive TCP connections due to the greater load on the network resources. Consequently, UDP, a non-TCP protocol needs to adaptation to bandwidth control mechanisms to make it TCP-friendly, and therefore make similar use of network resources as the more regular TCP connections. There exist a number of congestive friendly mechanisms. For instance, end-to-end TCP friendly congestion control mechanism reduces the load on the network when packet drops occur (Wang et al, 2000). The end-to-end congestion control is useful for both responsive and unresponsive network flows. However, end-to-end TCP friendly congestion control can only detect congestion through delays and loss in data packets, which means that their reaction is usually too late. Alternatives that are more efficient include hop-by-hop congestion control, which are better at avoiding conge stion before it occurs (Wang et al, 200

MIS Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

MIS - Research Paper Example An efficient MIS can be costly to incorporate in already existing businesses. However, they improve the coordination of different departments and the flow of the business processes and in so doing enhances productivity while simultaneously cutting down the costs of operation (Laudon & Laudon 2). The diagram below illustrates the 10-step traditional chain of process at a corn mill. There are five departments in this specific corn mill. These are the Procurement department, the Processing department, the storage department, the accounting department and the sales department. The corn is from suppliers who have been sourced by the procurement department. This department ensures that the corn is transported to the mill through the suppliers or procured transporters. The procurement department is responsible for making sure that enough corn is continuously supplied to the mill to avoid instances of shortage. After this, the corn is handed over to the processing department. Before anything is done to the corn, it is first of all graded. During grading, the corn is sorted based on its quality and fitness for consumption. After the corn has been graded, it is taken to the mill. Here it is grinded to cornmeal, processed and packed. The lower quality corn is taken to the animal feed mill where it is processed to animal feed. Waste is then disposed or stored for compost or energy generation. The ground corn is then handed to the storage department. In the storage department, the already packed cornmeal is counted and further packed into storage containers. This is as a quality control measure to avoid storing or selling damaged produce. Excess produce is in silos. The stock taking records are then forwarded to the accounting department. The accounting department ascertains the records provided are accurate. Records are duplicated and stored for future purposes. The accounting

Assess the Different Sources of the Law in England and Wales. To What Assignment

Assess the Different Sources of the Law in England and Wales. To What Extent have External Sources Affected its Development - Assignment Example This paper stresses the decisions of the courts and judges are based on relevant facts and relevant law and they also take support of case law (decisions taken by prior judges in similar situations). Judges base their decisions on precedents, which can be defined as decisions taken by judges based on relevant laws. Precedents can be primarily original in which, the judge takes a new decision based on relevant law and they can be binding in which, the judgment is based on a decision that is already taken on a similar situation previously. If the judgment is taken by superior courts such as House of Lords, Court of Appeal or High court, the lower courts have to abide by the same law. Therefore, precedents are taken into consideration in common law for reaching at a decision similar to some previous one or a new one. Common law deals with innovations and newness in law. But its progress is slow. However, it is quite relevant for solving criminal cases, civil law cases, employment cases and much more. From this paper it is clear that the courts take decisions based on precedents so the decisions taken by Supreme Court can be considered as the basis of common law used in England and Wales. English law is basically formed of common law or case law, which is quite old. Common law was formed as a law followed throughout England and Wales. Because the law depend on precedents, hence, the courts existent in England and Wales are organized in a hierarchy and the cases are properly reported and saved.